![]() ![]() Nowadays, due to the rapid expansion of the human population and current environmental issues (over-exploitation of resources, degradation of environment), it is necessary for a transition to the circular economy and the development of new strategies to minimize food waste during the supply chain. Environmental protection must be the first priority of international politics. Food waste with a high fat content is susceptive to oxidation and thus harmful for microflora due to continuous enzymatic activity, which accelerates spoilage and limits technological possibilities of disposal. For this reason, untreated waste harms the microflora. These residues have high biochemical and chemical oxygen demand. Large amounts of biodegradable waste and residues are produced and discarded every year from the food industry. ![]() The comparison between the three products showed the presence of valuable components that makes them suitable for healthy diets with an adequate intake of nutrients and other bioactive compounds with benefic effects. The remaining oil (15.77% and 14.16%) is abundant in unsaturated fatty acids (95.59% and 92.12%). Compared to seeds, sunflower oilcakes are richer in fibers (31.88% and 12.64% for samples in form of pellets and cake, respectively) and proteins (20.15% and 21.60%), with a balanced amino acids profile. Due to the rich content of lipids, they are principally used as a source of vegetable oil. Sunflower seeds are very nutritive (33.85% proteins and 65.42% lipids and 18 mineral elements). Sunflower oil contains principally oleic (19.81%) and linoleic (64.35%) acids, which cannot be synthetized by humans and need to be assimilated through a diet. The study assessed the nutritional composition of sunflower seeds, cold-pressed oil and the remaining press-cakes with the aim of its valorization as a food ingredient. Among them, sunflower oilcakes have the potential to be used for human consumption, thus achieving the concept of sustainability and circular economy. ![]() Ample amounts of by-products are generated from the oil industry. ![]()
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